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1.
Clinics ; 74: e809, 2019. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1019703

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVES: We aimed to evaluate the effects of cataract surgery on cardiac autonomic modulation. METHODS: A cross-sectional and analytical study was conducted at the Hospital Maria Braido in the city of São Caetano do Sul, São Paulo, between 2015 and 2016. We investigated 19 patients of both sexes who were all over 50 years old; all patients had a diagnosis of senile or bilateral cataracts and were recommended to undergo implantation of the intraocular lens. Heart rate variability (HRV) was evaluated before, during and after cataract surgery. RESULTS: There were no significant changes in the time and geometric domains of HRV before, during or after surgery. The high-frequency (HF) band in normalized units (nu) on the spectral analysis significantly increased (p=0.02, Cohen's d=0.9, large effect size). However, the low-frequency (LF) band in nu significantly decreased during surgery (p=0.02, Cohen's d=0.9, large effect size). CONCLUSION: Throughout the intraocular lens implantation cataract surgery, there was an increase in parasympathetic modulation and a decrease in the sympathetic component of the heart rate (HR). We propose that this result is attributable to the supine position of the patients during surgery and the trigeminal reflex.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Middle Aged , Aged , Autonomic Nervous System/physiopathology , Cataract Extraction/adverse effects , Lens Implantation, Intraocular/adverse effects , Heart Rate/physiology , Reference Values , Time Factors , Trigeminal Nerve/physiopathology , Body Mass Index , Cross-Sectional Studies , Prospective Studies , Statistics, Nonparametric
2.
Rev. bras. oftalmol ; 77(2): 95-97, mar.-abr. 2018. graf
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-899119

ABSTRACT

Resumo Neste artigo descrevemos como conduzimos com sucesso um caso de úlcera neurotrófica não responsivo à terapia convencional com o uso de lente de contato escleral e as vantagens desta terapêutica.


Abstract In this paper we describe how we successfully conducted a case of neurotrophic ulcer not responsive to conventional therapy using scleral contact lens and the advantages of this therapy.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Corneal Ulcer/therapy , Contact Lenses , Ophthalmoscopy , Sclera , Tobramycin/therapeutic use , Trigeminal Nerve/physiopathology , Vitamin A/therapeutic use , Wound Healing , Ofloxacin/therapeutic use , Visual Acuity , Corneal Ulcer/diagnosis , Corneal Ulcer/etiology , Doxycycline/therapeutic use , Prosthesis Fitting , Cornea/innervation , Trigeminal Nerve Diseases/complications , Lubricant Eye Drops , Slit Lamp Microscopy , Gabapentin/therapeutic use , Saline Solution/therapeutic use , Hypesthesia
3.
Arq. neuropsiquiatr ; 71(11): 862-865, 1jan. 2013. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-691315

ABSTRACT

The blink reflex – a simple, non-invasive and inexpensive test – may be indicative of lesions or dysfunctions of the brainstem, and particularly assesses the trigeminal-facial arch. Results from alterations of the blink reflex in patients with headaches have provided controversial data. Method Registration of the waves R1 and R2 (ipsilateral to the stimulus) and R2c (contralateral to the stimulus) by electroneuromyography. Results A large number of controls (n=160) and patients with chronic migraine (n=160) were studied. No significant differences were observed between the two groups. Conclusion It is possible that this relatively simple and primitive reflex is not affected unless there is significant damage to the brainstem. .


O reflexo do piscamento é um teste simples, não invasivo de baixo custo que pode direcionar o raciocínio para lesões ou disfunções do traonco cerebral, avaliando particularmente o arco trigêmeo-facial. Resultados de reflexo do piscamento em pacientes com cefaleias têm mostrado dados controversos. Método Registro das ondas R1 e R2 (ipsilaterais ao estímulo) e R2c (contralateral ao estímulo) por eletroneuromiografia. Resultados Um grande número de controles (n=160) e pacientes com enxaqueca crônica (n=160) foi avaliado. Não foram encontradas diferenças significativas no reflexo do piscamento entre os dois grupos. Conclusão É possível que este reflexo, por ser relativamente simples e primitivo, não esteja alterado a menos que ocorram danos significativos no tronco cerebral. .


Subject(s)
Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Blinking/physiology , Migraine Disorders/physiopathology , Brain Stem/physiopathology , Case-Control Studies , Chronic Disease , Electromyography/methods , Facial Nerve/physiopathology , Predictive Value of Tests , Reference Values , Sex Factors , Trigeminal Nerve/physiopathology
4.
Tehran University Medical Journal [TUMJ]. 2013; 71 (8): 546-549
in Persian | IMEMR | ID: emr-143045

ABSTRACT

The Trigemino-cardiac reflex [TCR] has been studied as a phenomenon including; bradycardia, arterial hypotension, apnea and gastric hypermotility during manipulation of the peripheral or central parts of the trigeminal nerve. We report a case of a 26-year-old man undergoing surgery for a skull base extra axial tumor in right petrous bone suspected to metastasis of a previous renal cell carcinoma which had been treated four years ago. The patient presented with continuous and unilateral headache and difficulty in swallowing, sensory neural hearing loss, nasal speech and tongue deviation to left side. He underwent general anesthesia with standard monitoring and total intravenous anesthetic technique. The first episode of sudden onset bradycardia and hypotension related to surgical manipulation was detected intraoperatively in which the heart rate spontaneously returned to normal level once the surgical manipulation stopped. However, it repeated several times by beginning of tumor resection and manipulation in the region of trigeminal nerve. The intensity of bradycardia in subsequent episodes of TCR was relatively crescendo and had no fatigability. Finally, it was treated by administration of a single dose of atropine [0.5mg/IV] and did not happen again. The risk of TCR should be considered in any neurosurgical intervention involving trigeminal nerve and its branches, especially at the skull base surgeries. The vigilance of the medical team and continuous intraoperative hemodynamic monitoring alerts the surgeons to interrupt surgical maneuvers upon the TCR occurrence, immediately.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Trigeminal Nerve/physiopathology , Reflex, Oculocardiac/physiology , Neoplasm Metastasis , Intraoperative Complications , Bradycardia/physiopathology
5.
Braz. j. morphol. sci ; 30(1): 1-5, 2013.
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-699332

ABSTRACT

The trigeminal nerve, fifth equal of cranial nerves, a mixed nerve is considered by possessing motor and sensitive components. The sensitive portion takes to the Nervous System Central somesthesics information from the skin and mucous membrane of great area of the face, being responsible also for a neural disease, known as the Trigeminal Neuralgia. The aim of this study was to review the literature on the main characteristics of Trigeminal Neuralgia, the relevant aspects for the diagnosis and treatment options for this pathology. This neuralgia is characterized by hard pains and sudden, similar to electric discharges, with duration between a few seconds to two minutes, in the trigeminal nerve sensorial distribution. The pain is unchained by light touches in specific points in the skin of the face or for movements of the facial muscles, it can be caused by traumatic sequels or physiologic processes degenerative associate the vascular compression. Prevails in the senior population, frequently in the woman. In a unilateral way it attacks more the maxillary and mandibular divisions, rarely happens in a simultaneous way in the three branches of trigeminal nerve three branches.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Facial Pain , Face/anatomy & histology , Trigeminal Nerve/physiopathology , Trigeminal Neuralgia/diagnosis , Trigeminal Neuralgia/etiology , Trigeminal Neuralgia/rehabilitation
6.
Bol. latinoam. Caribe plantas med. aromát ; 10(6): 500-506, ene. 2011. ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-618846

ABSTRACT

Wind-up is a measure of nociceptive neurons synaptic potentiation and constitutes an important mechanism in the generation of central sensitization in chronic pain. At the spinal level, the C-evoked reflex in the bicep femoris muscle, by low frequency repetitive stimulation of the sural nerve, has enabled us to evaluate the wind-up of nociceptive neurons of the dorsal horn, and also the effect of antinociceptive drugs with a possible potential therapeutic value in chronic pain. In the present work, we electrophysiologically evaluated the trigeminal wind-up activity, utilizing as an experimental paradigm the evoked C-reflex in the Sprague-Dawley rat digastric muscle. The results obtained indicate that: (a) It is possible to evoke an electromyographic reflex in the digastric muscle by stimulation of C-fibers belonging to the third trigeminal branch; (b) It is possible to potentiate the trigeminal C-reflex with low frequency stimuli (wind-up) and (c) it is possible to depress the trigeminal wind-up with the μ-opioid agonist morphine and with the NMDA receptor antagonist, ketamine. We can conclude that the simple measurement of the trigeminal wind-up will facilitate future studies on the analgesic efficacy of new drugs in oro-facial chronic pain syndromes like migraine and with special emphasis on medicinal plant active principles.


El wind-up refleja la potenciación sináptica en neuronas nociceptivas y constituye un importante mecanismo en la generación de sensibilización central en dolor crónico. A nivel espinal, el reflejo C evocado en el músculo bicep femoris por estimulación repetitiva de baja frecuencia del nervio sural ha permitido evaluar la actividad wind-up en neuronas nociceptivas del cuerno dorsal, así como el efecto de drogas antinociceptivas con un posible potencial terapéutico en dolor crónico. En el presente trabajo evaluamos electrofisiológicamente la actividad wind-up trigeminal, utilizando como paradigma experimental el reflejo C evocado en el músculo digástrico de ratas Sprague-Dawley. Los resultados obtenidos indican que: (a) es posible evocar un reflejo electromiográfico en el músculo digástrico de la rata por estimulación de fibras C de la tercera rama del trigémino; (b) es posible potenciar el reflejo C trigeminal con estímulos de baja frecuencia (wind-up) y (c) es posible deprimir el wind-up trigeminal con el agonista μ-opioide morfina y con el antagonista NMDA, ketamina. Podemos concluir que la medición simple del wind-up trigeminal mediante el reflejo C evocado en el músculo digástrico facilitará futuros estudios sobre eficacia analgésica de nuevos fármacos en cuadros de dolor orofacial crónicos, como la migraña, con especial énfasis en los principios activos de plantas medicinales.


Subject(s)
Animals , Rats , Electrophysiology , Facial Pain , Masticatory Muscles/physiopathology , Neck Muscles/physiopathology , Reflex , Electric Stimulation , Evoked Potentials , Masticatory Muscles/innervation , Neck Muscles/innervation , Nerve Fibers, Unmyelinated , Trigeminal Nerve/physiopathology , Plants, Medicinal , Rats, Sprague-Dawley
9.
Arq. neuropsiquiatr ; 65(2A): 256-261, jun. 2007. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-453922

ABSTRACT

OBJETIVE: To evaluate a sample of patients with atypical facial pain (AFP) in comparison to patients with symptomatic facial pain (SFP). METHOD: 41 patients with previous diagnostic of AFP were submitted to a standardized evaluation protocol, by a multidisciplinary pain team. RESULTS: 21 (51.2 percent) were considered AFP and 20 (48.8 percent) (SFP) received the following diagnosis: 8 (40.0 percent) had temporomandibular disorders (TMD); 3 (15.0 percent) had TMD associated to systemic disease (fibromyalgia, systemic erythematosus lupus); 4 (20.0 percent) had neuropathy after ear, nose and throat (ENT) surgery for petroclival tumor; 2 (10.0 percent) had Wallenberg syndrome; 1 (5.0 percent) had intracranial tumor; 1 (5.0 percent) had oral cancer (epidermoid carcinoma), and 1 (5.0 percent) had burning mouth syndrome (BMS) associated to fibromyalgia. Spontaneous descriptors of pain were not different between AFP and SFP groups (p=0.82). Allodynia was frequent in SFP (p=0.05) and emotion was the triggering factor most prevalent in AFP (p=0.06). AFP patients had more traumatic events previously to pain (p=0.001). CONCLUSION: AFP patients had more: a) traumatic events previously to pain onset, and b) emotions as a triggering factor for pain. These data support the need of trained health professionals in multidisciplinary groups for the accurate diagnosis and treatment of these patients.


OBJETIVO: Avaliar uma amostra de pacientes com dor facial atípica (DFA) e compará-la a outra com dor facial sintomática (DFS). MÉTODO: 41 pacientes com diagnóstico prévio de DFA foram submetidos a um protocolo padronizado de avaliação aplicado por uma equipe multidisciplinar. RESULTADOS: 21 (51,2 por cento) foram mantidos com o diagnóstico de DFA e 20 (48,8 por cento) (DFS) receberam os seguintes diagnósticos: 8 (40.0 por cento) tinham disfunções temporomandibulares (DTM); 3 (15,0 por cento) tinham DTM associada a doença sistêmica (fibromialgia, lupus eritematoso sistêmico); 4 (20,0 por cento) tinham neuropatia após cirurgia otorrinolaringológica (ORL) para tumor petroclival; 2 (10,0 por cento) tinham síndrome de Wallenberg; 1 (5,0 por cento) tinha um tumor intracraniano; 1 (5,0 por cento) tinha câncer oral (carcinoma epidermóide), e 1 (5,0 por cento) tinha síndrome da ardência bucal (SAB) associada à fibromialgia. Expressões espontâneas utilizadas para a dor não diferiram entre os 2 grupos (p=0,82). Alodínia foi freqüente nos doentes com DFS (p=0,05) e emoções foi o fator desencadeante mais comum no grupo com DFA (p=0,06). Doentes com DFA apresentaram mais eventos traumáticos anteriores ao início da dor (p=0,001). CONCLUSÃO: Pacientes com DFA apresentaram mais: a) eventos traumáticos anteriores à cirurgia e b) emoções como fator desencadeante de dor. Estes dados realçam a necessidade de profissionais treinados em dor nas equipes multidisciplinares para o diagnóstico preciso e tratamento adequado desses doentes.


Subject(s)
Adult , Aged , Female , Humans , Male , Facial Neuralgia/diagnosis , Facial Pain/diagnosis , Temporomandibular Joint Disorders/diagnosis , Chronic Disease , Clinical Protocols , Diagnosis, Differential , Facial Pain/etiology , Myofascial Pain Syndromes/diagnosis , Pain Clinics , Pain Measurement , Trigeminal Nerve/physiopathology
10.
Arq. neuropsiquiatr ; 62(2A): 297-299, jun. 2004. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-361357

ABSTRACT

As cefaléias de curta duração dividem-se entre aquelas com pouca ativação; autonômica e aquelas com importante ativação, este grupo inclui a cefaléia em salvas. Este trabalho tem por objetivo discutir a fisiopatologia da cefaléia em salvas, com maior enfoque nos fenômenos autonômicos, como injeção conjuntival, lacrimejamento, congestão nasal, rinorréia, semiptose e edema palpebral, mostrando o nítido envolvimento do núcleo salivatório superior com a propagação do estímulo doloroso, originado no nervo trigêmeo. As alterações autonômicas foram estudadas em 28 pacientes com cefaléia em salvas e as prevalentes foram o lacrimejamento e a hiperemia conjuntival.


Subject(s)
Adult , Female , Humans , Male , Autonomic Nervous System/physiopathology , Cluster Headache/physiopathology , Cluster Headache/complications , Conjunctival Diseases/etiology , Medical Records , Nasal Mucosa , Nausea/etiology , Photophobia/etiology , Tears , Trigeminal Nerve/physiopathology
11.
J. pediatr. (Rio J.) ; 80(3): 249-252, maio-jun. 2004. ilus, tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-362577

ABSTRACT

OBJETIVO: Este trabalho teve por objetivo fazer uma revisão bibliográfica, relatar e discutir o caso clínico de um paciente com fenômeno de Marcus Gunn. DESCRIÇAO: Criança de 5 anos de idade, sexo feminino, hígida. Nos primeiros meses de vida, em consulta de puericultura, foi detectada alteração no olho direito, que, a princípio, parecia tratar-se de estrabismo. Após consultas com vários oftalmologistas, não se alcançou um diagnóstico preciso. Já aos 4 anos de idade, após exame realizado por oftalmologista pediátrico, confirmou-se o diagnóstico do fenômeno de Marcus Gunn. O restante do exame físico, incluindo exame neurológico, estava normal. Por se tratar de ptose palpebral leve, sem outras patologias associadas, optou-se por uma conduta conservadora. COMENTARIOS: Este relato visa alertar os pediatras com relação ao fenômeno de Marcus Gunn, que ainda é pouco conhecido. A partir deste conhecimento, o pediatra poderá identificar o fenômeno, possibilitando o encaminhamento precoce para a abordagem de complicações ou condições associadas, além de diagnóstico diferencial com outros tipos de ptose palpebral.


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Child , Blinking , Blepharoptosis/diagnosis , Eyelids/innervation , Pupil Disorders/diagnosis , Amblyopia/etiology , Blepharoptosis/congenital , Diagnosis, Differential , Eyelids/physiopathology , Oculomotor Muscles/innervation , Oculomotor Muscles/physiopathology , Strabismus/etiology , Trigeminal Nerve/physiopathology
13.
Rev. mex. anestesiol ; 22(1): 43-8, ene.-mar. 1999.
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-276561

ABSTRACT

Los procedimientos invasivos son el último recurso de manejo en el tratamiento de la neuralgia del trigémino. Las técnicas percutáneas sobre el V par son de elección en los pacientes catalogados de alto riesgo quirúrgico y habitualmente son guiadas con radiología simple y/o fluoroscopía. Recientemente demostramos que la guía tomográfica durante la neurolísis del trigémino facilita la correcta colocación de la punta de la aguja en el agujero oval. Se informa un paciente con historia de neuralgia del trigémino refractaria al manejo farmacológico el cual cursaba con cardiopatía isquémica con infarto reciente del miocardio, hipertensión arterial, isquemia cerebral intermitente, historia de 2 infartos cerebrales, que además de los fármacos antineurálgicos recibía digital, antihipertensivos, vasodilatadores coronarios y antiadhesivos plaquetarios. Se realizó alcoholización percutánea del trigémino guiada con imágenes tomográficas obteniéndose excelente analgesia sin sangrado durante el procedimiento. Se descontinuó la carbamazepina y se pudo disminuir la gabapentina


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Aged , Tomography , Tomography , Trigeminal Nerve/physiopathology , Trigeminal Nerve/pathology , Trigeminal Neuralgia/physiopathology , Trigeminal Neuralgia/therapy , Alcohols/therapeutic use , Analgesia , Analgesia
14.
Arq. neuropsiquiatr ; 53(3,pt.A): 513-7, set. 1995. ilus, tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-155521

ABSTRACT

Complicaçöes, ou eventos inesperados e indesejáveis associados a terapia de uma dada condiçäo, podem ser particularmente incapacientantes quando afetam o sistema nervoso. A proximidade de cavidade craniana e a rica inervaçäo dos tecidos orais representam risco potencialmente alto de disseminaçäo de infecçöes para o sistema nervoso central e de lesöes de troncos nervosos em procedimentos dentários. Em vista do aumento da ocorrência de processos para compensaçäo financeira após tais complicaçöes, é provável que parcela considerável desses pacientes venham a ser examinados por neurologistas. As complicaçöes de tratamento dentário afetando o sistema nervoso central e periférico referidas na literatura (1982-1994) säo tema desta revisäo. As complicaçöes mais comuns foram as lesöes dos ramos da divisäo mandibular do nervo trigêmeo provocadas por trauma mecânico. A extraçäo do terceiro molar mandibular foi o procedimento dentário com maior morbidade tanto com relaçäo a trauma mecânico quanto a acidente anestésico. Nesse procedimento o nervo lingual pode ser traumatizado em 11 por cento a 15 por cento das operaçöes e o nervo alveolar inferior em 4,4 por cento a 5,5 por cento. Os sintomas säo permanentes em 0,5 por cento a 1,0 por cento. Outras complicaçöes potencialmente severas porém infreqüentes no período estudado foram as infecçöes (meningite, tromboflebite do seio cavernoso e abscesso cerebral) e as complicaçöes anestésicas (oftalmoplegia, paralisia facial e complicaçöes da anestesia geral)


Subject(s)
Humans , Dental Care/adverse effects , Central Nervous System Diseases/etiology , Peripheral Nervous System Diseases/etiology , Anesthesia, Dental/adverse effects , Tooth Extraction/adverse effects , Bacterial Infections/complications , Molar, Third/surgery , Muscular Dystrophies/complications , Nerve Block/adverse effects , Optic Nerve/physiopathology , Trigeminal Nerve/physiopathology
15.
Indian J Lepr ; 1994 Oct-Dec; 66(4): 421-8
Article in English | IMSEAR | ID: sea-54482

ABSTRACT

Thirty-nine patients with leprosy and fifteen sex- and age-matched controls were investigated for disorders of the fifth and seventh cranial nerves and that of the audiovestibular system. Sensorineural hearing loss found to be of cochlear origin was detected in eight (22%) of the patients with leprosy compared to none in the control group (p > 0.05). Vestibular dysfunction was noted in four patients (11.1%) compared to none in the control group (p < or = 0.05). Two cases were found to have fifth nerve involvement and one (2.8%) had seventh nerve involvement. None in the control group had fifth or seventh nerve deficit.


Subject(s)
Adult , Caloric Tests , Case-Control Studies , Facial Nerve/physiopathology , Female , Hearing Loss, Sensorineural/etiology , Humans , Leprosy, Lepromatous/complications , Male , Middle Aged , Trigeminal Nerve/physiopathology , Vestibular Nerve/physiopathology
16.
J. bras. neurocir ; 5(1): 17-26, jan.-abr. 1994. ilus
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-163308

ABSTRACT

A histologia, dos dados experimentais e clínicos sobre o sistema sensitivo trigeminal foram objeto de investigaçoes no fim da década de 30, nos anos 40 e no início da década de 50, merecendo destaque as investigaçoes de Sjöqvist, Olszewski e Torvik, O trabalho pioneiro de Sjöqvist, onde foi feito um estudo sobre a sistematizaçao de raiz descendente do V nervo, levou-o a realizar a secçao cirúrgica dessa raiz (tractotomia). A contribuiçao histológica de Olszewski sobre a configuraçao morfológica de núcleo de determinaçao do V par e as investigaçoes histológicas de Torvik forneceram os argumentos básicos para a elaboraçao do presente trabalho. Foi o autor levado a propor e a efetuar o aprofundamento da tractotomia para 5 mm em lugar de 3 mm, com o fim de também isolar o componente mais inferior do núcleo de terminaçao e os aferentes da sensibilidade termoalgésica.


Subject(s)
Humans , Trigeminal Neuralgia/surgery , Surgical Procedures, Operative , Trigeminal Nerve/anatomy & histology , Trigeminal Nerve/cytology , Trigeminal Nerve/physiopathology
17.
Arq. neuropsiquiatr ; 52(1): 69-73, mar. 1994. ilus
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-129368

ABSTRACT

Os autores apresentam o caso de uma paciente do sexo feminino de 50 anos de idade com quadro de dor ocular à direita, secundária a aneurisma gigante intracavernoso diagnósticada como nevralgia paratrigeminal de Raeder. A paciente foi tratada cirurgicamente como "trapping" da carótida interna direita associado a revascularizaçäo cerebral (temporal superficial - ramo profundo da cerebral média) com ótima evoluçäo pós-cirúrgica. Discute-se a identidade da síndrome e os diagnósticos diferenciais baseados em revisäo da literatura


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Middle Aged , Carotid Artery Diseases/complications , Intracranial Aneurysm/complications , Trigeminal Neuralgia/diagnosis , Horner Syndrome/diagnosis , Carotid Artery, Internal/surgery , Carotid Artery, Internal , Carotid Artery Diseases , Carotid Artery Diseases/surgery , Intracranial Aneurysm , Intracranial Aneurysm/surgery , Trigeminal Nerve/physiopathology , Trigeminal Neuralgia/surgery , Trigeminal Neuralgia/etiology , Horner Syndrome/etiology
19.
Cuad. Hosp. Clín ; 34(1): 41-45, 1988.
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-138379

ABSTRACT

Siendo clasificado el dolor en agudo, cronico, somatico, psicogenico y neurologico, de acuerdo a este ultimo tipo (neurologico), el dolor puede originarse en el Sistema Nervioso Central o en el sistema Nervioso Periferico y por esto se la clasifica en DOLOR CENTRAL y DOLOR PERIFERICO. a causa del desconocimiento de la fisiopatologia se crean infinidad de tratamientos descritos medicamnete, la mayoria de los cuales posee escaso valor terapeutico. Sin embargo los avances de la Farmacologia, de la Neuroquimica y de la Cirugia, junto al mayor conocimiento fisiopatologico, ofrecen mayores alternativas en el manejo del dolor severo central o periferico.


Subject(s)
Pain/etiology , Carbamazepine/therapeutic use , Nerve Block , Trigeminal Nerve/physiopathology , Trigeminal Nerve/injuries , Trigeminal Neuralgia/therapy
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